Political and Revolutionary Struggle in Yemen for Achieving Freedom and Independence (1935–1967):

Abstract

This research analyzes the stages of historical development of the unified political and revolutionary struggle of the Yemeni people against the Imamate and colonialism, and examines its dual impact on both North and South Yemen. The study aims to explore the pivotal role of this struggle in achieving two parallel national objectives: overthrowing the absolute monarchical/Imamate (theocratic) regime and establishing a republican system in the North, and attaining independence through ending British occupation and establishing a republican order in the South. The research traces the intellectual, political, and revolutionary movements that brought together Yemenis in both the North and the South and highlights their struggle from the 1930s until 1967. It focuses on shared stages and mutual interactions. The first phase was characterized by political and intellectual organization during the 1930s and 1940s, when groups evolved into organized movements demanding political reform and national advancement. contributing to the Constitutional Revolution of 1948.The second phase involved uprisings and escalation beginning in the mid‑1950s. The expansion of British influence in the protectorates, together with the rise of Arab nationalism, encouraged the emergence organizations These movements called for freedom, independence, and Yemeni unity within the broader framework of Arab unity. The third phase was the 1960s, during which revolutionary activities and armed struggle intensified. This unity contributed to the outbreak of the September 26 Revolution in 1962, the establishment of the republican system, in North Yemen. The September Revolution subsequently inspired the October 14 Revolution of 1963 in the South. Their struggle, launched from republican Yemen, continued until independence for the South were achieved on November 30, 1967.The study concludes with scientific findings confirming that Yemenis in both the North and the South engaged in a unified political and revolutionary struggle that enabled them to attain freedom, independence, and sovereignty in the South. Finally, the study highlights the importance of freedom and independence for stability and emphasizes the value of studying the history of national struggle as a heritage that strengthens patriotism among future generations and encourages creativity, development, political and security stability, investment attraction, workforce preparation, and sustainable national development.